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Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) increase medical bills, aggravate health
inequalities, and destroy people's health!
Stop Korea-US FTA negotiations now!
1. We can not approve the prior action to initiate the Korea-US FTA
negotation.
Workers and people of Korea were furious at the result of the Korea-US
pharmaceutical negotiation. The meeting was a pre-condition to initiate
Korea-US FTA negotiation. According to the CRS report, Mr. Portman, who was
the representative of USTR, announced in 2005 that Korea-US FTA negotiations
would not be launched without progress on pharmaceutical issues. At the
October 2005 trade action agenda meeting, the South Korean government (SKG)
agreed that no new drug reimbursement pricing policies would be introduced in
the near future, and that it would set up an independent mechanism under
which drug reimbursement decisions could be appealed. The SKG also concurred
to clarify the reasons why the Korean Food and Drug Administration (KFDA)
required drug manufacturers of large amounts of proprietary data for the drug
approval. It obviously means that the SKG would abandon the right to decide
its own pharmaceutical medicine policy. By acknowledging these conditions,
the SKG is trying to negotiate for the Korea-US FTA at the expenses of Korean
people's health and well-being. We, undersigned organizations, can not
approve this situation and the FTA.
2. US should stop pressuring on South Korean pharmaceutical and health
policy.
Through the annual publication of "National Trade Estimate Report on Foreign
Trade Barriers", the US Government has been asking and coercing the SKG to
amend health-related regulations such as the level of Korean Intellectual
Property protection, pharmaceutical policies and the protection of
information regarding pharmaceutical R&D. The US Government claims for
differential acknowledgement for pharmaceutical products from the US drug
companies. It also insists that SKG change its pharmaceutical pricing policy
in accordance to that of the US. In addition, simplification of required
clinical trial and safety test procedures and increase protection of
intellectual property right and exclusive rights to R&D information were
demanded so that US pharmaceutical companies can access the South Korean
market readily.
As the result, korean pharmaceutical price will soar, and health insurance
budget could go bankrupt. What is more important is that the Korean people
would not have any rights over the decision making process over the drug
pricing.
One representative case is the one in1999 when US called for the change in
regulation regarding the pricing of innovative drugs. According to the US
government's opinion, price of these drugs should be in accordance with
average factory price in 7 wealthiest countries (A-7: US UK Germany France
Italy Japan Switzerland). As a result, the US government succeeded and the
SKG accepted theproposal.
Korean Leukemia patients suffered directly from this policy. They had to pay
about 2,500~6,300 thousand wons ($2,500~6,300) per month to Norvatis to take
the anti-leukemic drug called "Glivec". Since this price was too high, they
struggled against Norvatis for 2 years insisting for the disclosure of actual
manufacturing price and the reduction of the retail price. Despite the
struggle, the patients, and the SKG which reimbursed part of the drug cost,
still had to pay much money to costly the drug due to formerly mentioned A-7
pricing system. All that was left to the leukemia patients was the reality of
death due not to lack of treatments, but of lack of money. Korean health
policy and system should be decided neither by US government nor by
pharmaceutical companies, but by people of Korea.
3. 'Transparency' for whom? For people of Korea or the US pharmaceutical
companies?
US insist that Korean patients want to take US pharmaceutical products but
can not because of the corruption in Korean drug pricing and health
insurance regulation. However, the transparency called for by the US, should
be exercised by the US pharmaceutical companies. They request extraordinary
price for new products making use of their exclusive intellectual property
rights on innovative new drugs, without revealing the manufacturing cost. The
US government insists that high drug price is necessary for the compensation
of R&D cost, but they never disclose the actual cost for the manufacture and
how much of it was proprieted from the public fund such as tax money. In
addition, the concept and policy of 'transparency' is based on standards in
the US.
Pharmaceutical policies differ by country because countries' pharmaceutical
infrastructure, policy decision processes, cultural backgrounds and/or other
relevant conditions vary. Therefore, forcing the US legal and health policy
processes onto other countries is irrational.
We think that the 'corruption' or 'transparency problem' claimed by the US is
its strategy to intercept Korean generic drug companies' development, while
US pharmaceutical company reap large profits from highly fixed drug prices.
We want effective and affordable drugs. Moreover, we want them to be produced
domestically. We are opposed to the reality where pharmaceutical products are
regarded to be 'profitable goods'. Drugs should be for 'patients' lives'.
4. Heightened patent protection compelled by the US threatens patients' lives
We can expect what the US would claim to Korea, based on previous US's
agreements with Central America, Singapore, Australia, and Thailand. Through
the "Glivec struggle" Korean people now know that the TRIPS(Trade-Related
aspects of Intellectual Property rights) Agreement threaten public's right to
healthy lives.
However, the US tried to extend the protection period granted through the
patentsystem, limit the conditions under which compulsory licenses (CL) can
be granted and to intercept market entrance of generic products by putting
forward the exclusive rights on information. On November 4th, 2001, 4th WTO
Ministerial Conference adopted the "Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and
Public Health". The Doha Declaration stated, "The TRIPS Agreement does not
and should not prevent Members from taking measures to protect public
health". What is proclaimed in the Doha Declaration is against current US
government's practice in Korea. The Doha Declaration made it clear that right
to (healthy) lives should be valued over (intellectual) property rightswhen
they crash.
The reason why Thai HIV/AIDS patients are opposing US-Thailand FTA is because
this would destory access to medicine. The US is demanding the Thai
government to stop supplying cheaper and affordable HIV/AIDS drugs that are
domestically produced including the Government Pharmaceutical Organization
(GPO).
Last year in Korea, we pushed for the amendment of patent law which would
allow 'compulsory licensing for public interset' and 'compulsory licensing
for exportation'. We will persistently look for various methods in order for
everyone to enjoy the right to their health. The US must not interfere with
the effort to improve people's health all around the world by being selfish
and by putting the US pharmaceutical manufacturer and insurance company's
profits in priority. The US must not damage the idea of DOHA declaration. The
right to people's health and lives belong to people, not to pharmaceutical
companies.
5. Medicine policy and health insurance system are not subjects of trading
negotiation.
Medicine policy and health insurance system are respective country's
sovereignty, not subjects of trade. Previous agreements or progressing
negotiations show well about what the US wants. The US demands stronger
protection of patent than that of TRIPs or the US law. However, that's not
all. The US is trying to demolish anything that might be an obstacle that
gets in their way of generating profits by including health care issue which
is strongly related to people's lives.
In the process of reaching an agreement of the US-Australia FTA, Bush
administration demanded the destruction of Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme of
Australia. An Australian patient said "we're going to get the money from old,
sick, and poor Australians and give them to American pharmaceutical
companies, CEOs and stockholders. Those that are poor in Australia won't be
able to afford medicine just like the ones in America." We will decide
ourselves about the medicine policy and health insurance system for Korean
patients. We strongly insist to exclude these terms from the negotiation just
like when they were excluded in the Canadian-US free trading pact.
6. American style medical service will demolish public health system of South
Korea.
The US requested Korea to apply American rules in investment in the
notification of Korea-US FTA negotiation. The US also strongly urged Korean
government to permit private health insurance through AMCHAM. Demanding the
protection of investment by American standard will become concrete to allow
private corporation and private health insurance will be embodied to private
health insurance of the US.
This will make the hospital corporations and hospitals will no longer put
their priority in caring for patients but instead they will try their best to
earn money. Also the American style private insurance policy will destruct
the national public health care system of Korea. South American countries
that have imported and applied the US style of medical service in search for
the foreign investment had faced low level of national health, severe
complains about inequality in health and inefficiency without exception. WHO
recently evaluated and ranked Chile's medical system at 169 out of 191
countries. In case of Mexico, those who are not working are uninsured, and
there aren't enough facilities for them to be taken care of. On the other
hand, US private insurance companies are generating a lot of profit from it.
We strongly argue that Korean medical system must be more publicized.
Therefore, Korea-US FTA which will bring the business industrialization in
the medical field, must not be signed.
7. US must stop the pressuring Korea to import Beef that might be infected
with mad cow disease.
The US forced Korea to import American beef as one of the terms in
pre-negotiation of Korea-US FTA. We want to make it clear that we do not want
to import Amercian beef. No one should be exposed to the danger of eating
beef that has the possibility of causing Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Many
countries in Europe prohibit animal feed to their livestock and WHO is also
suggesting the same. However, the US is permitting animals other than
ruminants to eat animal feed. And the US is not prohibitting every type of
animal feed to cow. As long as this problem continues, American beef are not
free from the infection of mad cow disease. This fact is well proven by the
discoveries of cows that are infected in the state of Texas, Washington, and
also in Alabama.
Nevertheless, at the USTR hearing which was held on March 14th,
Ranchers-Cattlemen Action Legal Fund complained about the fact that Korean
government decided to reopen imports of boneless beef from cattle aged up to
30 months but left the door closed for bone-in beef on January, and they
claimed that the first FTA negotiation shouldn't be held unless Korean
government decides to import whole beef including bone-in beef.
Their inspection system is also a problem. Infected beef was found in Japan
and it was revealed that the company which exported was from New York.
Another problem was found in Hong Kong recently and the exporting company was
from Colorado. According to the report about the inspection of mad cow
disease in the US which was announced in Feb. 1st, 2006, the management of
controlling the hazards was inappropriate, there were one out of every six
companies that processed the meat even though the cows were suspicious of
being infected, and it also revealed that only 5~10% of the visual inspection
was done. According to the report from Government Accountability Office in
Feb. 25th, 2005, 2,800 out of the total of 14,800 stock farms were never even
audited for the imperfect stock feed regulations. We are strongly against the
Korea-US FTA which will sell out the public national health of Korea for the
rapacity of American government.
We're so well aware of the fact that there has been no country that improved
their people's health, economy, or the quality of the lives of their nation
among the ones that agreed to sign FTA with the US. Instead for those
countries that signed FTA with the US experienced the downfall of economy,
forced to lean on the US, the right for people to their health was demolished
and poverty was increased. We know that this is what the US wants.
Therefore, we oppose Korea-US FTA agreement.
March 24th, 2006.
[NGOs]
Christian Medical Association for People Health (Korea)
Dasan Human Rights Center (Korea)
Essential Action (US)
Health Global Access Project (GAP) (US)
Health Right Network (Korea)
Intellectual Property Left 'IPLeft' (Korea)
Korean Progressive Network Jinbonet (Korea)
Korea Social Insurance trade Union (Korea)
Korean Peasants League (Korea)
Korean Advanced Farmers Federation (Korea)
Korean Federation of Medical Groups for Health Rights:
Association of Physicians for Humanism (Korea),
Association of Korea Doctors for Health Rights (Korea),
Korea Dentists Association for Health Society (Korea),
Korea Health and Medical Workers Union (Korea),
Korean Pharmacists For Democratic Society (Korea),
Solidarity for Worker's Health (Korea)
LaborNet in South Korea (Korea)
Media Center Mediact (Korea)
Nanuri+,HIV/AIDS Human Rights Advocacy Group of Korea (Korea)
Patients not Patents (US)
People before Profit (Korea)
Public Pharmaceutical Center (Korea)
Solidarity for Peace and Human Rights (Korea)
Won Buddhism Committee for Human Rights (Korea)
[Individuals]
Brook K. Baker, Northeastern U. School of Law, Boston (US)
Do-Hyung Kim, Lawyer, Editorial board member of Monthly Networker (Korea)
Eun-Woo Lee, Lawyer of Horizon Law Group (Korea)
Gopal Dabade, All-India Drug Action Network (AIDAN) (India)
S.Srinivasan, LOCUST (India)
Seok-Man Hong, Journalist, People Power of RTV (Korea)
Seong-Tae Hong, Professor of Sangji University (Korea)
Young-Joo Yoo, Chief Editor of People¡¯s Media ¡®Chamsaesang¡¯ (Korea)
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